Why Development Aid For Africa Has Failed - 876 Words

The final article is an article translated into English from the German news magazine Der Spiegel and is a piece published on 16th August 2010, entitled â€Å"Why Development Aid For Africa Has Failed. It is written by Kurt Gerhardt who was a journalist on German radio from 1968 until 2008. He was a Country Director for the German Development Service in Niger so has first hand experience of the problems facing impoverished African countries. Additionally Gerhardt was the founder and is the current chairman of Makaranta; an association aimed at providing education to Africa which has so far helped develop primary education initiatives in Niger and Uganda since its formation in 2001. Der Spiegel is a weekly news magazine similar to English-written publication TIME, with a circulation of around 1 million copies weekly; and is known for its critical stance towards the German government. Whilst being independent of any political party or business group it has a left-wing stance and so a n article scrutinising aid to Africa is perhaps a slightly atypical viewpoint for the magazine to publish. The article begins by claiming that whilst the donors receive good wages with the current aid system, and the recipients are wise in how to continue to receive sympathy and attention, some of those on the inside, and even those with little knowledge, are beginning to sense that aid has only produced paltry results in the last half-century. Gerhardt claims that the West has assumed too muchShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Botswana, South Africa Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesfacing an epidemic that has gone completely ignored by their very own government. Instead of proposing policies directed towards reducing the amount of HIV/AIDS cases that continue to rise each year, they have chosen to implement failed policies or none at all. 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Encryption Vs. Encryption Annotated Bibliography

Encryption is a cryptography in which one covers data or information by transforming it into an undecipherable code. Encryption generally uses a predefined parameter or key to perform the data change. Some encryption computations oblige the best approach to be the same length as the message to be encoded yet other encryption counts can take a shot at much more diminutive keys concerning the message. Separating is as often as possible described close by encryption as it’s backwards. Unscrambling of encoded data realizes the first data. Encryption is used as a piece of customary forefront life. Encryption is most used among trades over flimsy channels of correspondence for instance the web. Encryption is also used to secure data being traded between contraptions, for instance, modified teller machines (ATMs), cells, and various more. Encryption can be used to make automated imprints, which allow a message to be affirmed. Exactly when honest to goodness executed, an automated imp rint gives the recipient of a message inspiration to acknowledge the message was sent by the affirmed sender. Modernized imprints are outstandingly significant when sending tricky email and distinctive sorts of cutting edge correspondence. This is by and large equivalent to standard composed by hand marks, in that, an all the more astounding imprint passes on a more multifaceted methodology for manufacture. Figure a figure is an estimation, strategy, or method for performing encryption and translating.

Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas Free Essays

string(56) " discuss the principles and ideals that he believed in\." Perce The Contributions and Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas After reading Carlos Fuentes’ book, â€Å"The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World†, he devoted a section to Bartolome de Las Casas which allowed the reader to capture his unique perspective (32-38). In the introductory text before the reading of â€Å"The Brief History of the Destruction of the Indies† (as read in class), Bartolome de Las Casas is viewed as a devoted Saint and missionary that was an activist for the Indian’s human rights and against Spain’s military conquest of the â€Å"New World† (Briffault).However, Fuentes illustrated Bartolome in a different perspective; even though Bartolome tried to stop the obvious brutal treatment of the Indians by the Spaniards, he ultimately became the Spaniard’s â€Å"most useful tool† in an evolved attack to the Indian’s humanitarian values in a newly â€Å"disguised† method of slavery. We will write a custom essay sample on Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was a very unique perspective because of the fact that after discussing and reading about him, Bartolome is largely perceived as a good Saint that brought about great awareness of the injustice of the Indians. So how could he contribute to the Crown’s corrupt rule over the land?As a result, in order to understand the true ultimate historical value of Bartolome de Las Casas, we will take an in-depth look into his life, what he believed, what he did for the Indians, and discuss the general opinion of Bartolome de Las Casas versus Fuentes impression of him. I will then prove that Bartolome de Las Casas did not impact the Indian community as beneficially as many people thought he did – and in fact, he indirectly and unintentionally contributed to the very image of the original corruption of both the private and public life in Spanish America. Bartolome de Las Casas was born in 1474 in Seville, Spain to Pedro de Las Casas who was a small business merchant. He immediately sent his son to The Academy at the Cathedral of Seville in 1497 for his education. As a missionary, in 1502 he leaves Spain with the Spanish governor, Nicolas de Ovanda, and his father to the â€Å"New World† to evangelize to the Indians. While he was there on the island of Hispaniola, he helped resolve a native revolt that rewarded him an encomienda (land and labor of the native population) where he always treated his workers humanely.In 1506, he then returns briefly to Europe to become ordained as a deacon in Rome. Eventually, in 1512, he becomes the first ordained priest in the New World. He began to be disturbed by Spanish abuses at the massacre of natives at Caonao, Cuba when he saw a stream of Indian blood running â€Å"as if cows had been killed. † Then, in 1514 while preparing his sermon for church, he read a scriptural passage that stated â€Å"Tainted are his gifts who offers in sacrifice ill-gotten goods! † which convicted Las Casas as an encomendero. He realized that his own property and goods were â€Å"ill-gotten and tainted†.With this conviction, he freed the Indians that he had in his encomienda and returned to Spain to begin a fight against the Spanish oppression of the native peoples. In 1516, Las Casas was appointed the â€Å"Protector of the Indians† by the archbishop of Toledo, Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros, and began to devise a scheme to replace the encomienda system. This resulted in some success. He continued to travel back and forth across the Atlantic in his process to repeal the laws of the mistreatment and the rights of the oppressed Indians.He was able to get government officials to collaborate with this attempt to end the encomienda system because they feared that a new class of feudal lords would arise in the colonies. The Spanish colonists were outraged at his interference as Las Casas then set up a colony on the coast of Venezuela in 1520, where the native people would be treated humanely and in peace. However, this setting failed because their neighbor Spanish slave masters continued to harass the natives and the natives retaliated by killing their monks and torching their monasteries.This made a bad example of Las Casas’ ideal semblance that Spanish and free Indians could live at peace together. At this failure, Las Casas traveled to a Dominican monastery in Hispaniola in 1523 and became a monk for eleven years, studying theology and law, where he wrote his â€Å"Historia de las Indias†. This work illustrated his perception and account of the history of the Natives. Afterwards, beginning in 1534, he started to push forward legislative reforms that led to laws that prohibited further Indian slavery in 1542.However, these new laws were deemed unenforceable due to the Crown’s lack of control in the New World and the laws were repealed. Thus, the encomienda system was restored – in a more detrimental blow as they evolved into a new form, called the â€Å"hacienda system†. He later returned to Spain and brought about the â€Å"Great Debate of 1550†. At the Spanish capital of Valladolid, he went against the advocate for the colonists, Juan Gines de Sepulveda. It was about the justification of the war against the peoples of the New World.This debate was published as â€Å"En defensa de Los Indios†. It is unclear who won the debate, although there is some evidence that Las Casas persuaded most of the panel’s theologians, jurists, and Sepulveda. One thing for sure is that this was the first thorough modern debate on human rights in the history of the world. In the final years of his life, Las Casas continued to fight for the Indian’s rights and their justice in the Spanish courts until he died in Madrid, Spain in 1566 (Welch: 209-211, Uzgalis).Therefore, in history, Bartolome de Las Casas was a man largely viewed as a righteous priest and activist that spent his life aggressively pursuing and fighting for the rights and justice of brutally mistreated Native Americans. To further understand the man and what he stood for during his time of activism, we will discuss the principles and ideals that he believed in. You read "Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas" in category "Papers" He was a man that was first and foremost a Christian involved in missionary work to spread Christianity all over the world.He came to the ultimate stance that the only way of attracting all people to the â€Å"true faith† is through peaceful persuasion rather than armed conquest which he described in his writing â€Å"De Unico Vocationis Modo† (Welch: 210). He was against military conquest of the New World and believed that it was possible to convert the Indians to Christianity and that Spaniards could live with them in peace. He believed that the Indians had the â€Å"capacity† and the ability to receive the faith, and did not have to be forced. Also, he held a firm standpoint against any and all slavery systems such as the encomienda, repartimiento, and hacienda systems. He viewed these institutions as â€Å"more unjust and cruel than Pharaoh’s oppression of the Jews and deprived both masters and subjects of their freedom and their lives† (Fuentes: 131). These systems basically were designed to exploit Indian labor into quick riches and a right to land in the New World. It was considered by the conqueror to be his â€Å"just reward† from the Crown for his services at arms at his own expense during the original conquest.These systems as the â€Å"encomienda† were a formal grant of designated Indian families, usually living in the town(s) put in the hands of a Spanish colonist, thus receiving the title of â€Å"encomendero†. In turn, the encomendero was required to convert the Indians on his â€Å"property† to Christianity and hold a tight reign on his land in arms and order. An encom endero was not only allowed the right to own land, but to do whatever he saw â€Å"fit† for the land, such as deploying Indians in mines and agricultural tasks. This gave him political power in whatever established government there existed in the New World.The ironic aspect of this whole corruption, is that the Spanish Crown had little to do with it nor did they have much control due to the vast amount of land and large population of Indians and left it to the conquistadors to figure it out for themselves. This was the Crown’s best temporary solution to the settlers’ demands at the time. Subsequently, the Indians that lived in the lands of these systems had to be forced to work, more so as slavery, to provide food and gold for the Spaniards. They were overworked, mistreated, and dying in large numbers from diseases, rebellion, or suicide.The only difference between this slavery system and blunt Indian slavery was the manner in which they had been acquired, although they were being used in the same manner. Therefore, this brutality and mistreatment in this slavery system is what caused much-needed activism for the Indianâ€℠¢s human rights by Bartolome de Las Casas (Kramer: 1-2). Furthermore, Bartolome had much compassion on the Indians and did not view them as unworthy beings nor savages, but rather, they were very capable human beings that could possibly function in peace with Spanish society.He describes this beautiful ideal in his â€Å"Historia de Las Indias† (Beckjord: 87-88). He believed that there was a need to publicize and make awareness of the Indian’s abuse and exploitations during the conquest as portrayed in one of his most famous works, â€Å"The Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies† (Welch: 210). Thus, this attention was all part of his pursuit of justice and human rights for the Indians in his lifetime. Therefore, we have a better understanding of what he believes, and can see why he was so motivated to move swiftly and effectively for the Indians.Moreover, to understand the significance of such a pivotal character in history for Indian rights, we will discuss what he directly did for the Native Americans in his lifetime. First of all, he was quite the novelist in his day as he depicted his perception of the Indians as a beautiful and capable race in â€Å"Historia de Las Indias† in 1523. He also wrote †De Unico Vocationis Modo† in 1537 where he further proved his belief that the Indians can be converted to Christianity in a peaceful method rather than by brutal force.In addition, he wrote â€Å"The Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies† more formally, â€Å"Brevisima Relacion De La Destruccion de Las Indias† in 1540, which he narrated the mistreatment, abuse, and exploitation of the Indians under corrupt Spanish rule and the encomienda system. Last, in 1550, he took part of the first published modern debate on human rights – of the Indians, â€Å"En Defensa De Los Indios†, in which it brought forth the debate of the century. Most importantly, he briefly legally abolished encomienda systems in 1542 though it was largely ineffective to be enforced in the New World.Therefore, in his contributions, though primarily from the pulpit and the Spanish Courts, he desperately fought in compassion for the Indians for their h uman rights, justice, awareness, and restoration. After taking a look at his life, beliefs, and beneficence, Bartolome de Las Casas is a Saint that fought long and hard for the Indians (religiously and politically) and largely in part, viewed as a character that contributed to the good of the Indians from many texts, including the introductory text for the excerpt from â€Å"The Brief History of the Destruction of the Indies† (as read in class).However, Fuentes points out that Las Casas was used as the â€Å"Crown’s most useful tool† in an evolved attack to the Indian’s humanitarian values in other â€Å"disguised† methods of slavery (Fuentes: 134,136). This was a very unique perspective because of the fact that after discussing and reading about him, he was a good man doing great things for the Indians. So how could he contribute to the Crown’s corrupt rule over the land?Due to Bartolome’s great activism for Indian’s rights and against the encomienda system, the Spanish Crown was losing control of this advantageous corrupt system of slavery in the encomienda system. As a result, in silent fashion, the Crown sneakily developed a cleverly disguised alternative slavery system called a â€Å"hacienda†. This system was derived from the encomienda system, however, instead of focusing on labor, it’s real attention was toward the land because land was needed to increase the Spanish and mixed populations as the Indians decreased in number.This was assured through land grants given by the Spanish Crown to be purchased in multiple small amounts by the colonial rulers and then resold many times to their inha bitants until it developed into a huge, over-priced estate – for the colonial ruler to own it all. Since this land was â€Å"granted†, in other words, â€Å"loaned† to many people, Spaniards and Indians alike, gained huge debts and ties to their piece of the â€Å"colonial ruler’s† land as they tried to pay back their dues in crops and money. Where as before, in the encomienda system, it was through brutal labor and gold. However, this system was just as merciless because it was the basis for political corruption on which the economic system became firmly established in the New World. Having large estates of land became a form of substantial political power because colonial rulers were always rich since they always had their inhabitants owing them money. This system corrupted everyone, from the church to highly positioned politicians, because as many people could not pay off their over-priced land in their lifetime, their descendents were born into debt as well, thus creating a history of in-debted people to the land.And with the combination of the corruption and the decline of Spain’s economy (due to the Crown’s distance and inability to directly benefit from the colonies), the Crown stopped paying salaries to the colonial rulers. So they in response, found other means of income through very â€Å"shady proceedings† and scams that turned the local officials of the Crown into prov incial â€Å"caciques†, or political bosses. They created economic monopolies in their districts by combining their corruption with that of the local merchants on the land.The officials continued to receive their salaries by forcing cash advances onto the Indians. Since they couldn’t pay it back (they were already in debt), the Indians in return had to give up their crops at fixed prices. When the Indians failed to pay, their debt dramatically increased which has led to and developed the very image of the original corruption of both the private and public life in Latin America (Fuentes: 131-136).Therefore, even though Bartolome de Las Casas was a passionate activist for the Indians, he indirectly and unintentionally contributed to the corrupt image of Latin America. Because of his efforts to destroy the encomienda system, which was one of the Spanish Crown’s last and scarce form of control, they became desperate for their foreign rule. With no choice but to think innovatively – the hacienda system came to fruition. And as a result, this created a resurging history of an in-debted society to a corrupt system in Latin America.In conclusion, as we have taken an exclusive look at Bartolome de Las Casas’ life and contri butions to the Indians, we know that he was a good man that cared for and brought much awareness of the Indians mistreatment and exploitation in Latin American history. Though we cannot say that the Indians would be treated any better without his efforts in history, Fuentes makes a strong conclusion that Bartolome de Las Casas was used by the Crown to indirectly and unintentionally contribute to the corruption of Latin America due to the development of the hacienda system.Therefore, even though we cherish the hard sought-out fight that de Las Casas took part for the justice of the Indian people, the Spanish Crown ultimately won the battle of politics and corruption in Latin America despite Bartolome de Las Casas efforts. And this is one of the harsh realities that Fuentes portrays as one the â€Å"Buried Mirrors† of Latin America. Works Cited Beckjord, Sarah H. Territories of History: Humanism, Rhetoric, and the Historical Imagination in the Early Chronicles of Spanish America.University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007. Briffault, Herma. Devastation of the Indies: A Brief Account. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Fuentes, Carlos. The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992. Kiefer, James E. â€Å"Biographical Sketches of the Memorable Christians of the Past: Bartolome de Las Casas, Missionary, Priest, Defender of the Oppressed 17 July 1566. † Computer Services Offered by the Society of Archbishop Justus. 9 Dec. 010 lt;http://justus. anglican. org/resources/bio/203. htmlgt; Kramer, Wendy. Encomienda Politics in Early Colonial Guatemala, 1524-1544. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. Uzgalis, Bill. â€Å"Bartolome de Las Casas (1484-1566). † Great Voyages: the History of Western Philosophy from 1492-1776. Winter 1997. Dept. of Philosophy, Oregon State U. 9 Dec. 2010 lt;http://oregonstate. edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/las_casas. htmlgt; Welch, John R. Other Voices: Readings in Spanish Philosophy. Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 2010. How to cite Perceptions of Bartolome de Las Casas, Papers

Exploring And Extending Legacy Of Howard †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Exploring And Extending Legacy Of Howard? Answer: Introduction In this assignment, it can be stated that the case-based researches are generally tending to the process of addressing the problems of research within the Interpretivists paradigms rather than the Positivist paradigm. A case-based research could be an explanatory, theory-building research that does the incorporation as well as explanation of ideas from outside the scenario of the case-based research. Critical review on case-based research Case-based researches are considered being the most essential as well as significant type of research. Case-based research can be explanatory, theory-building research that does the incorporation as well as explaining of ideas from outside the scenario relating to the cases. Therefore, this kind of case-based researches are considered being extrinsic rather than intrinsic (Sarker, 2013). Moreover, it can be stated that case-based research is particularly used in respect of these practical situations of business in which there occurs the use of multiple sources of evidence, as well as the boundaries within the phenomenon as well as the 4Ps of its context. The exploratory case-based research and the confirmatory case-based research might have the requirement for deciding for one or the other regarding the choice of all or nothing (Kolodner, 2014). However, this is not considered to be true and there is the requirement for a combination of exploratory case-based research and the confirm atory case-based research. A case-based research is required meeting three criteria such as, the case is a critical one to confirm, challenge or extend a theory since, it is the only one that is meeting every condition relating to the theory the case is rare and to find other cases is so improbable that research regarding the scenario could never be done when a case is not investigated the case is providing unusual accessibility in respect of academic research, and unless there does not occur an investigation of the case, the scope for examining a major problem related with social science might get lost The advantages of case-based research are associated with the aspects of intensive study, developing new research as well as providing new insight. In respect of intensive study, it can be stated that the case-based researches are having the responsibility in respect of intensive study regarding a unit. It is associated with the aspect of investigating as well as exploring an event in a thorough as well as deep manner (Klenke, 2016). In respect of developing a new research, it can be stated that case-based researches are considered being one o the optimum ways for stimulating a new research. In respect of providing new insight, it can also be stated that the case-based researches are having the ability for providing new insight into observable facts whose learning cannot occur in any other way. However, there are also certain disadvantages associated with the case-based researches (Keutel, 2014). These are associated with the inability for replicating, biasness of the researchers, ti me intensive, having the possibility of errors as well as ethical concerns. In respect of the inability for replicating, it can be stated that there are certain studies whose replication cannot be done and, as a result, cannot be agreed with. In respect of the biasness of the researchers, it can be stated that when a case-based research gets conducted, there is a strong possibility of the researcher to do the formation of a biased attitude (Henry, 2015). This biased attitude might be in respect of the subject, the type of data collection or the way by which there occurs the interpretation of the data (Savery, 2015). In respect of intensiveness of time, it can be stated that the case-based researches can have high consumption of time. The process of collecting data can be very exhaustive as well as long, and this is something with which the new researchers are not having familiarity. It takes a long time-period for developing a case-based research as well as doing the development of a comprehensive evaluation (Granlund, 2017). In respect of having the possibility of errors, it can be stated that the case-based researches might be having flaws regarding judgment or memory. Since, the reconstruction of a case history is depending upon memory, this might be leading to mistakes (Stake, 2013). In respect of ethical issues, it can be stated that with case-based researches, there always occurs the question related with the ethical aspects. Since, the researchers get too much involved with the study, questions might arise whether a researcher will be reporting behaviours that are considered unethical when they observed it (Baran, 2014). Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that case-based researches are particularly suitable in respect of those practical business circumstances regarding a contemporary phenomenon within its dynamically changing practical situations, regarding multiple sources of evidence as well as the boundaries between the occurrences as well as the 4Ps of its context are not considered having clarity. References Baran, E. (2014). A review of research on mobile learning in teacher education.Journal of Educational Technology Society,17(4), 17. Granlund, M., Lukka, K. (2017). Investigating highly established research paradigms: Reviving contextuality in contingency theory based management accounting research.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,45, 63-80. Henry, C., Foss, L. (2015). Case sensitive? A review of the literature on the use of case method in entrepreneurship research.International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research,21(3), 389-409. Keutel, M., Michalik, B., Richter, J. (2014). Towards mindful case study research in IS: a critical analysis of the past ten years.European Journal of Information Systems,23(3), 256-272. Klenke, K. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Kolodner, J. (2014).Case-based reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann. Sarker, S., Xiao, X., Beaulieu, T. (2013). Qualitative studies in information systems: a critical review and some guiding principles.MIS quarterly,37(4), iii-xviii. Savery, J. R. (2015). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions.Essential readings in problem-based learning: Exploring and extending the legacy of Howard S. Barrows,9, 5-15. Stake, R. E. (2013).Multiple case study analysis. Guilford Press.

Volleyball Essay Summary Example For Students

Volleyball Essay Summary The sport of volleyball originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week. In 1895, William G. Morgan an instructor at the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average mans head. During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps volleyball would be a more descriptive name for the sport. On July 7, 1900 at Springfield College the first game of volleyball was played. In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport. Volleyball can be played indoors and outdoors. It was adopted as an indoor Olympic sport in 1964 at Tokyo. In 1984 the United States men and women won their first Olympic Volleyball medals. In 1996, two-person beach volleyball was approved as an Olympic Sport. Todays NCAA Volleyball is more popular and exciting than ever. Some top collegian programs include Long Beach State, Penn State, BYU, UCLA, Hawaii and Stanford. We will write a custom essay on Volleyball Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some of the best players ever to play the sport include Karch Kiraly, Gabrielle Reese, Sinjin Smith, Misty May and Ryan Millar. Today the game of volleyball requires team strategies and highly refined individual skills. Outdoor volleyball, which is played with two or four people for each side, is becoming more and more popular across the nationA typical volleyball game lasts about 25 minutes. It is a team sport played by two teams consisting of six people on a playing court divided by a net. The object of the game is for each team to send the ball regularly over a net in order to ground it on the opponents side, and to prevent the opponents from doing the same. The ball is put into play by the right back row player who serves the ball into their opponents court. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes out or a team fails to return it properly. Only the team, which is serving, can score a point. The players are split into back and front row; the playe rs in the front are usually the key hitters and the ones who will get the ball passes/set to. The players in the back row normally concentrate on defense and passing the ball to the setter who is the main person in the offensive attack. A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage; and the match by winning the best three of five games. In a deciding, fifth game, which is called a rally game, a point is scored no matter which team is serving. A team earns a point when serving and when they side-out. A team is allowed to hit the ball three times (not counting a block contact) to return it to the opponents court. A player may not catch, lift, scoop, or throw the ball. They also may not hit the ball twice consecutively when attempting a pass or block. In a regular volleyball game, only the serving team may score a point. A player may serve anywhere behind the backline, but between the courts boundary/side lines. A point is scored if the serving team wins the rally. If the serving team does not win the rally then it is a side-out to the other team. When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains the right to serve, and its players rotate one position clockwise. For instance, the player in the right back move to middle back, the player in left back moves to left front. Rotation ensures that players play both the front row

buy custom Business Communication essay

buy custom Business Communication essay Business communication is a form of language used in and by the companies (Stuart, Sarow and Stuart, 2007). It can also be described as the internal and external interactions of a given company. Business communication can also be referred to as corporate communication and its perceived in four perspectives. The first one is practitioner perspective, which deals with how to present communication skills in conducting effective meetings, giving presentations, etc. The second is linguistic perspective that focuses on the use of language in and between companies with an aim of understanding how language is put into use during interactions (Cornelissen, 2011). Management perspective is the third one and it deals with management of communication procedures as a way of establishing a pleasing reputation. The last perspective is named multi-disciplinary, which focuses on the relationship existing between various disciplines such as linguistics, sociology, psychology, anthropology and communic ation. Business communication can be formal or informal depending on the matter at hand. Formal communication entails board meetings and progression interviews while informal communication involves telephone calls and colleague meetings. The image of a business in the mind of stakeholders primarily depends on business communication (Cameron, 2000). How the business interacts with its employees, customers, supplies and the publics matters a lot as far as image is concerned. Communication is done in two ways (Pease Pease, 2004). A source must be present, message and medium of transmission, recipient as well as feedback. It is the duty of the sender to formulate a meaningful message that would be perceived in the right way by the recipient. The recipient on the other hand may decide to give a verbal feedback or choose to remain silent, which also has a perceived meaning. Silence is also a means of communication and this paper will try to demonstrate its role on business interactions. The Role of Silence Silence is a form of non-verbal communication where people in organizations pass messages without actually speaking (Koester, 2004). When two people stare at each other for one or two minutes without speaking a word, they are bound to derive messages from each other. Messages may be passed through a persons clothing, facial expressions, sitting position, etc. As much as people try to seize from communicating, a lot of information is being passed between them. However, silence can be perceived to portray a negative message or attribute. This can be well described as a barrier to communication, which is sometimes beneficial to workplace interactions. When one person starts a conversation with another person, he/she expects a response, but when the recipient remains silent it draws mixed reactions and attention to him/her. Silence is also perceived as a non-verbal behaviour that generates clues to the beliefs as well as activities of a particular cultural group. Silence comes in three types, i.e. interactive silence, psychological silence and socio-cultural silence (Nikolaou, Vakola Bourantas, 2011). Psychological silnce is used to help the recipient understand the message, e.g. during a class lecture. Interactive silence occurs when addressees engage in planned pauses during conversation, e.g. pausing to allow the speaker to continue. Socio-cultural silence is interpreted on the basis specific cultural codes, e.g. silence is acceptable in western churches. Silence can be applied in many communication occasions, e.g. a pause in talk, leaving a question unanswered, declining to greet someone, whispering, exercising avoidance and irrelevant talk among others. Silence plays a vital role as far as business interactions are concerned. One does not have to say something in order to communicate (Tuominen, 2007). However, silence leaves one party with an opportunity to perceive the intended meaning conveyed by the recipients silence. The first role of silence is that it puts pressure on the other party once it is applied. Silence in conversation is prohibited in the US society, but it is common in some cultures. This can cause misunderstanding especially when the people communicating are of cultural background. In some cultures, silence is used as a sign of respect, e.g. when a young person wants to communicate with a person of authority, he/she is expected to remain silent until acknowledge. Therapists as well as investigators use silence to put pressure on clients and suspects respectively. When silence is subjected to someone, it acts as a pressure and blurting something out comes automatically even if it wasnt intended. Business management uses this tool during interviewing sessions. An interviewer lets the silence hang in order to find out how the interviewee conducts him/herself. This shows that silence can be of importance once applied in the right situation. The second role of silence is that it can at times indicate hostility and disagreement (McDonald Crawford, 2012). In spite of the fact that indifference wont be portrayed directly, silence would automatically show that the person concerned has negative emotions. When people experience anger, embarrassment or fear, their thinking brain slows down. This makes people unable to speak, unable to find words and enraged. Some people get flooded with emotions especially the teenagers and opt for silence as opposed to talking it out and maintaining the conversation. When this happens, it saves a great deal as silence prevents chaos. In a business sitting, junior staffs who choose to remain silent when angered/offended never quarrel with the top management. They choose to remain silent to contain their fear or embarrassment and to avoid disagreements with their authorities. After remaining silent, the conversation ends since they seize to talk it out and the god thing is that nobody gets offe nded in the end. The third role of silence is where it indicates profoundness such as awe, respect or horror. During a lively conversation, people may hear something that may put them off and render them speechless because it goes beyond boundaries (Grandien Johansson, 2012). An example would be when people talk about a dreadful trauma they have gone through in their life. The response of oh and thats sccary doesnt seem to work and so people fall silent. During interactions in a business setting, people tend to share their life experiences openly and without fear. It is sometimes the duty of the affected person to talk it out in as a way of feeling relieved. However, the listening party becomes tongue-tied when the speakers goes beyond words. After remaining silent, the speaker will perceive that as an act of sympathy and therefore, the conversation will be cut shot, but their relationship status will remain healthy. The fourth role of silence is that it can indicate contemplation. Introverts present in an organization thinks prior to speaking (Tuleja ORourke, 2008). Extroverts on the other hand, discover their thinking and feelings once they talk it out. Introverts take their time to figure out the implication of a situation before they speak or let their voice out. If people in an organization were introverts, then chances of quarrelling and misunderstandings would be reduced to zero. Thinking prior to speaking gives room for emotional control and relief from agitated anger. This means that no one would be in a position to act under the influence of anger and heated emotions. However, some silence can be perceived as an intentional rudeness. Refusing to respond to a communicated message is a form of ignorance. For instance, in the US society extended silence is a sign of rudeness and can result to serious confrontations. To be on the safe side, it is wise to use silence only when it is necessa ry and for a definite time. The fifth role of silence is that it is used to give room for listening. In communication sessions, there must be a speaker and a listener at any given time. When one person is speaking, the other person should be listening and vice versa (Tuleja ORourke, 2008). When listening to someone, an open space is created for them to speak and let it out. Good and experienced people know how to listen and it can be learnt. This openness is created through non-verbal means and managed through the study of emotional intelligence as well as non-verbal communication. When a person is allowed time to speak out his/her feelings, listeners are in a position to understand him/her better and the communication becomes meaningful at the end. Lastly, silence can evoke sympathy. When listening to the misery and speech of other people, there is a tendency of listening keenly to their tone of voice. The varying voice of the speaker enables the listener to perceive what the other person is feeling. This will call for sympathy and shared feelings among people involved. This is important in an organizational setting since members of staff feel for each other and thereby creates an environment characterized with harmony and cohesion. Conclusively, silence can be intentional or unintentional. It is possible for one to communicate with another person by just remaining silent. Silence plays a vital role in business interactions with regard to the organizations welfare. At some point, people mistake silence and tend to perceive the wrong meaning, which is contrary to what the person involved wanted to convey. Buy custom Business Communication essay

The variables in the survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The variables in the survey - Essay Example Such would be the areas that would need attention in order to beat competition. The column significance F has the associated P-value. If it is > 0.05, then, at significance level 0.05, we do not reject the H0 that in the equation y = ÃŽ ²1Â  + ÃŽ ²2Â  x, ÃŽ ²2 = 0 as this would not be the case. In our case we have 9.69379E-08. 2.222498604 represents the Y intercept and 0.27006447 gives us the independent variable. That means that an increase in bargain sales by 1 unit causes attitude towards the mall to change by 0.27006447. The column significance F has the associated P-value. If it is > 0.05, then, at significance level 0.05, we do not reject the H0 that in the equation y = ÃŽ ²1Â  + ÃŽ ²2Â  x, ÃŽ ²2 = 0 as this would not be the case. In our case we have 0.000648 hence we reject the H0 as this is The Normal Distribution plot for both variable 21 and 25 show points that fit in the normal line. That indicates that the data is normally distributed. The residual plots for both variables also show a random pattern of the points which indicates a fit for a linear model. That shows that there exists a linear relationship between these variables and the attitude formation. On the other hand, the Histograms show a truncated curve, with the peak near the edge. The histograms trail off gently to the left side indicating that part of the distribution has been removed during review. The column significance F has the associated P-value. If it is > 0.05, then, at significance level 0.05, we do not reject the H0 that in the equation y = ÃŽ ²1Â  + ÃŽ ²2Â  x, ÃŽ ²2 = 0 as this would not be the case. In our case we have 0.072269 hence we do not reject the H0 as this is > 0.05. The column significance F has the associated P-value. If it is > 0.05, then, at significance level 0.05, we do not reject the H0 that in the equation y = ÃŽ ²1Â  + ÃŽ ²2Â  x, ÃŽ ²2 = 0 as this would not be the case. In our case we have 0.243316

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Globalization - Essay Example It has been argued that everything that man does and lives for in this world is all rounded to IT. In his essay â€Å"Civilization and its discontents† Sigmund Freud affirms this by reckoning that â€Å"it is simply the pleasure principle which draws up the program of life’s purpose.† A four hour track of my communications and interactions with technology As stated in the introduction above, technology is almost inevitable in our day to day activities. The following table is a distribution of my activities from the time I wake up in the morning to noon. Both the four hours are spent within the world of Information and Technology. Time Activity 8.00 - 8.30 AM Respond to Emails 8.30 - 9.00 AM Watch the morning news while taking breakfast 9.00 - 10.00 AM Attend the gym on my TV via recorded instructions 10.00 – 12.00 PM Went to the studio to record my demo. My daily activities start from eight in the morning as I sleep late from my night shift job. My first i nteraction with technology involves reading and responding to E-mails. This activity takes place between 8.00 AM to 8.30 PM. Being an online student, my lecturers send me reading materials and assignments online. This has made it possible for me to communicate with my lecturer at school and deliver my homework on time. Also, I use the internet to communicate with my fellow students and share information. If possible, we hold a group discussion via Skype every Wednesday. On my side, I can say that the availability of Information Technology has made it possible for easy conveyance of information. My next thirty minutes of the hour are spent taking breakfast while watching the morning news. After breakfast, I go to the gym on my television for one hour from 9.00 AM to 10.00AM. Since I do not have enough time to visit the gym in my locality, I use recorded instructions stored in a compact disc (DVD). This has helped me a lot in keeping in shape even regardless of my tight schedule. Agai n, this makes inevitable for me not to use Information Technology in my life. My next two hours (10.00 AM to 12.00 PM) of the morning are spent in the studio. This is where I go to do reviews and recordings of my upcoming school project. The presentation is supposed to be done in the next week, so I have to be well prepared and ready for the presentation. According to my own life experiences and requirements, I feel that I cannot survive without technology. This is because technology is the backbone of modern communication and makes our day to day operations much easier. Part two Nowadays to stay away from technology has become a very hard thing to do, almost impossible to do. Coincidentally, just a week ago, me and my colleagues were trying to evaluate how it could be to live a world with no technology. We all came to the conclusion that in the world of today it’s impossible to separate technology from our lives. However, we also noted that there are some instances where we can operate efficiently without technology. Following the discussion with my peers, I decided to put myself in to test by staying away from technology for one hour. This one hour was during my lunch time break. As usual, during my lunch hour break, I attended a prayer session at the prayer hall right next to my school.

Process Managemant Facilitated the more Widespread Implementation of Essay

Process Managemant Facilitated the more Widespread Implementation of Information Systems within Business - Essay Example Today, process management more and more relies on a considerable extent on achieving success through the development of new IS. Process management facilitated implementation of IS within business to ensure that the processes generated by such developments is spread around the business as widely as possible to those who might put it to good use. The research paper is aimed to investigate the main driven theories, values and assumptions that are shaping a usage of IS in process management from 1990s to present, and examine the influence of process management on the degree of IS implementation within business. "Process management is the ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a process, especially in the sense of business process, often confused with reengineering. Process Management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, techniques and systems to define, visualize, measure, control, report and improve processes with the goal to meet customers requirements profitably" (Wikipedia, 2005). Recent years process management implement Information Systems in order to improve quality of the processes and speed. With the changing economic environment, factors such as globalization of markets, international economic integration, removal of barriers to business and trade and increased competition have enhanced the need of high standards in process management. ... e in making or breaking the competitive positioning, and recent development in information technologies and software opens new opportunities for global organizations. Technology may be central to companies adopting a global strategy. "Information systems can be defined as" a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products" (Boar, 1994). From process management perspective, an information system is an organizational and management solution, based on information technology, to a challenge posed by the environment. Examine this definition closely because it emphasizes the organizational and management nature of information systems: To understand information systems-to be information systems literate as opposed to computer literate-a manager must understand the broader organization, management, and information technology dimensions of systems and their power to provide solutions to challenges and problems in the business environment. With the development of technology and software in particular, IS allows to solve a wider range of problems and tasks by means of computers. In this case, process management software developed at the middle of 1990s helps to connect people in global organization who operate in a distance, and has no opportunity to use printed matters or other sources. That is why it has become an important area for process managers, who are in a strong position to exert influence in this aspect of people management. The popularity of Information Systems in process

Parents Teenage Pregnancy

Parents Teenage Pregnancy And then Comes a Baby with a Baby Carriage: The The Great Influence of Parents â€Å"During the last quarter century, the rate of teenage pregnancy has been declining in Canada† (Dryburgh). In 1997, approximately 41,000 women between the ages 15 to 19 faced pregnancy, some of which gave birth, and others chose abortion. However, the year 2006 has turned the tables around, and countries such as America are experiencing a sudden increase in adolescent pregnancies.   There are many causes of teenage pregnancy, such as the lack of contraceptives, lack of awareness and pure pressure. Aside from the obvious factors in relation to this topic, parenting also plays an immense role in teenage pregnancy. This issue has introduced a new global concern to the all of us, especially to parents. Unfortunately some parents believe that they hold no power over  their child’s decisions about sex, as their voice has been lost in the buzz of peers and popular culture. In the year 2000, the total rate of teen pregnancy in Canada was 38,600, 38 in 1000 and 821,810 in the United States. Amongst examination, teenage pregnancy is indefinitely caused by poor relationships between teens and their parents and, frequently, their parenting styles.   Teenage pregnancy may be the result of lack of love and concern from parents, single parents or absent parents, and permissive parenting styles. The feeling of comfort and security is a feeling which should always be available between a child and his or her parent’s. The ages 13 to 19 are very sensitive years, and adolescents are incredibly easily influenced. It is very easy for teenagers to fall through the cracks, and demonstrate behaviors that will affect them negatively. Parents have  strong authority over their children on many decisions, especially sexual relations.    However, some parents don’t obtain a strong bond with their children, and barely ever discuss the topic. According to a national campaign in 2002, 69% of students agree that it would be much easier for kids to postpone sexual activity and avoid teen pregnancy if they are able to have more open, honest conversations about these topics with their parents. Some parents don’t communicate with their offspring, and are not involved with their lives. Many parents find it hard to talk about sex with their children, but it is very importan t to break the silence and for parents to mention their sexual attitudes and values. Parents, who don’t show a concern of teenage pregnancy, may cause them to lose their children to the issue. Overly strict parents can also be the cause of teenage conception. Many parents give commands, but no opinions. Many strict families refuse to converse with their children about sex. They simply think that it is wrong and not a part of their religion- end of discussion. Completely banning such things will lead to curiosity and promiscuity. In addition, the teen will refuse to go to their parents for advice about the topic out of fear, and will soon turn to friends. As a 14 year old boy has stated, â€Å"Many kids don’t feel comfortable talking to their parents, so they go to their friends and usually get bad advice†. Many parents establish an enemy-like persona, as apposed to a friendly one. For some teens, parents are the last people they would talk to about serious issues. In order to reduce the chance of teens having intercourse, parents need to build a strong relationship with their kids. Many parents are just simply distanced from their children. Some parents don’t spend enough time with their kids, and refuse to listen to their children. Parents aren’t supportive of their children, and don’t engage in activities together. A distanced relation will provide the child with lack of parental love. Lack of love, support and concern are all causes of teen pregnancy. Parents need to be clear about the value of abstinence and the dangers of unprotected sex. Parents need to provide clear messages, and show a strict, but opinionative, attitude about the subject. If teens have the parents, then the parents need to use their power and benefit their child. Statistics show that one in two couples get divorced. A large amount of these divorced couples have children together.   Divorce is an intensely stressful experience for all children, regardless of age or developmental level. A 1980 study proved that less than 10% of children that had support from parents and other relatives during the stressful phase of divorce.   Adolescents are prone to responding to their parent’s divorce with acute depression, suicidal ideation, and sometimes violent acting out episodes. Living with a single parent will create a change in the child’s behaviors. As one parent is playing the role of two, he or she will soon not have enough time for the child.   A probable cause for this is lack of finance. When divorced, the expectations for appropriate behavior are usually decreased. Some teens may take advantage of the divorce, in mischievous ways. For instance, one may lie to their mother, saying that they are at their fathers place, and vic e versa with their father; while indulging in a prohibited activity. When divorced, the relationship between the offspring and the single parent commonly shatters. For one, the amount of time the child sees each parents is drastically reduced.   As opposed to associating with both parents at the same time, the time that is spent with each parent is varied, depending on the custody ruling. Lastly, as mentioned earlier, the kid may take advantage of the situation and seek for self-pleasure, since their parents no longer have enough time for he or she. It is understood that parenting styles change, after a divorce or the loss of a spouse. The single parent may feel guilty and bad for the child, so the parent showers the kid with special gifts, or gives the child more freedom but less support. A female teenager in this situation might find herself with accessible freedom. Staying  out late, performing sexual activities and trying to displace the stress with pleasure may all conquer in this case. Replacement can also be created by a single parent famil y, which may lead to intimate relationships that may, perhaps, get caught in the issue of teenage pregnancy. A teenager, living in a single parent household may find him or herself trapped in a house where he or she is receiving only half the love and support that is desired. This fact mostly refers to girls. â€Å"I always hear all the other girls talking about how their father’s bought this for them, and did that for them. They tell me that when they want something, they ask their father’s because men are more easily going and easily convinced. I tried to get that love that was supposed to be provided from the father I never had, by getting a boyfriend. Who ever knew that the joke was on me†, shares a girl, 15 years of age. Being raised in a family with only once spouse, and missing another, more often fathers, the circumstances encourage teenage girls to replace the love by relationships (these can be ranged from   non-platonic male acquaintances to   boyfriends)   with another male. In addition, many single parents, shoe self-indulgence on mature activities an d behavior. For instance, many single mothers go out seeking for their own pleasure by going to clubs, bars or seeing different men. If this mother has a daughter, chances are she will be greatly influenced by her mother’s behavior. Just feeling supported and protected can mean a lot to a female in such terrible circumstances. Aside from overwhelming family issues and loveless families, many average and well off families are allowing their young ones experience self-pleasure. Over the past few years, there has been an obvious increase in the amount of freedom adolscents are receiving from their parents. Parents are adapting a permissive parenting style, meaning that they are giving their kids excessive freedom. It is quite clear to indicate that in each generation teens are exposed to more freedom, which increases the chance of teen pregnancy. The headlines of young girls getting raped or going missing are frequently reported on the news. In today’s society, these illicit occurrences often happen in their homes. Freedom is one thing that should not be increased, especially for teenage girls. There are many gullible and easily fooled young women, who may succumb to peer pressure. This type of â€Å"Peer Pressure† does not refer to a young girl getting convinced by her friends into shoplifting or committing a light drug. In fact, the â€Å"peer pressure† shich seems to be most common is the pressure, given usually by males, to be put into horrific situations, such as teen sex. Parents seem to be saying â€Å"No†   les frequently to their kids. What is not understood by most parents is that it’s not a matter of trusting your child, but a matter of trusting his or her peers and surroundings. The more a female goes out, the greater the chances of her going out with a male.   Studies have shown that males think of sex every eight seconds , regardless if they are   on a date or a casual meet. Girls need to be smart enough and not fall into their traps. Unfortunately most parents don’t see this, and still give their daughters all the freedom they wish for. The same goes for the parents of the young men fathering these offspri ngs. Many early intamte relationships end up pregnant, because their parents didn’t seem too concerned. Many experts believe that permissive parenting is detrimental to the child. It is true, that children need to have freedom to experience and learn on their own. However, excessive freedom is not beneficial to the children. Studies have shown that children need stronger role models and rules to help mould their personality. A lot of parents adapt a permissive parenting style, because they believe their children will love them more, and build a better relationship with them. From the sound of it, permissive parents act this way due to insecurity. Unfortunately, what they don’t realize is that their parenting style is distancing them from their kids. According to   a national study children tend to feel more secure when their parents establish   rules for them. When parents give too much freedom, they give their child the idea that they can do anything they want, with no complaints from the guardians. They also tend to think that their parents are indifferent and anything he or she does will not affect the parent. According to experts, moderate permissive parenting is also possible, and seems to be the right way of parenting. It is okay for a child to make some of his or her own decisions. Parents influence their child’s decisions on many issues and decisions, such as sex. However, the child needs to be guided, by parents into learning the right way of making these certain decisions. Permissive parenting, when exercised in moderation, will in fact benefit the child. Being loved, cared for and supported are all important parts of life. Being loved, cared for and supported by parents are essential parts of existence. Missing parts of life can break it apart. Parenting is one of life’s most challenging responsibilities, and must be done the right way, in order to succeed. Research, along with teen thoughts, makes it clear that parents can make a change in a teenager’s behavior. Parents seem to be lacking awareness and concern for their teens and lack of education from parents is available. If teens are not feeling loved by parents, they will seek for that love in a mate, which can lead to intimate relationships, and possibly to teenage pregnancy. It is very important for parents to share close relationships with their kids, talk to them, be moderately permissive and portray a good role model. Parents should never underestimate the great need that children of all ages feel for their parent’s approval, guidance, and support. As a Miami father has shared, â€Å"Children have to know that there is someone out there for them always†. Parents also need to portray better role models, and try to avoid getting too caught up in their own lives, while excluding and influencing their kids. After examining the issue of teenage pregnancy, I have indicated that teenage pregnancy is the result of lack of love and concern from parents, single parents or absent parents, and permissive parenting styles. It is vital to society that we treasure its youth, because children, after all, are our future.

Teaching Race Explicitly in the Classroom Essay -- Education

Teaching Race Explicitly in the Classroom Many literacy experts point out the fact that at the college level, black students who attend all-black schools tend to be more successful than those attending predominantly white schools. Even though these schools often lack resources and financial stability, they nonetheless produce more high achieving black students than predominantly white schools. For instance, according to Fleming, black students attending Historically Black Universities and Colleges (HBUC) have higher graduation rates than those attending predominately white institutions. Also, students who graduate from a HBUC and go on to attend predominantly white graduate schools do just as well as students who have graduated from predominantly white colleges (Fleming 1). What is it that black schools and black teachers have that produces academically successful black students? What approaches to learning can white teachers adopt from black teachers in order to maximize the learning of these students? Bell Hooks, author of Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom, grew up in the South. As a young child, she attended a segregated school, but then made the transition into a desegregated school later in her youth. Hooks believes that the education she received at the all-black school was far better than the education at the desegregated school. Hooks explains: Almost all of our teachers at Booker T. Washington were black women. They were committed to nurturing our intellect so that we could become scholars, thinkers, and cultural workers—black folks who used our "minds"†¦Within these segregated schools, black children who were deemed exceptional, gifted were given special care†¦When we entered rac... ..., Jacqueline Jordan and James W. Fraser. "Warm Demanders." Education Week 17 (1998): n. pag. Online. Internet. 21 May 1998. Available FTP: http//:www.edweek.org/ew/vol-17/35irvine.h17 Jones, LeAlan and Newman, Lloyd. Our America: Life and Death on the South Side of Chicago. New York: Washington Square Press Publication, 1997. Ladson-Billings, Gloria. The Dreamkeepers: Successful Teachers of African American Children. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1994. Smitherman, Geneva. "The Blacker the Berry, The Sweeter the Juice." 1994. Tatum, Beverly. Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? New York: Basic Books, 1997. Villegas, A. "School Failure and Cultural Mismatch: Another View." The Urban Review, 20.4 (1988): 253-265. Wellman, David. Portraits of White Racism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Continental Drift

The Earth is formed by plate tectonics continuously shifting causing a continental drift. This theory is more accepted than when it was originally published due to better technology providing better research and evidence. This paper discusses a little on both the plate tectonics and the continental drift as well as how the scientific method helped understand this process better. Eye words: Continental Drift, Scientific Theory, Plate tectonics In 191 5, a scientist by the name of Alfred Wagoner proposed the continental drift hurry. The idea that the continents are continuously moving either towards or away from each other. The continental drift is more widely accepted today than back when it was originally suggested by Wagoner. Wagoner had a hard time proving his theory to others because the lack of evidence he could provide. In the last part of the 20th century there has been a tremendous amount of evidence collected to support the theory of continental drift.Some of these include; F ossils from plants and animals that have been found on multiple continents, glaciers scars left in rocks in the most Zaire places, and you could also line up certain mountain chains together. That is a indication that they were once linked together. Also scientists have found that the magnetic fields in rocks indicate the original location is different than the present ones. The Earth's rotation and the centrifugal force towards the equator are considered the mechanism for the continental drift.Unlike back in Westerner's era, today we know more about how the earth works, like plate tectonics. Plate tectonics is the theory that helps to explain Earth's landscape features. There are two processes that plate tectonics go though; one pushes pieces f land together and the other spreads them apart. These are responsible for all the natural land forms on Earth's surface like mountains, valleys, and ridges in the ocean floor. The Himalayas are a prime example of plate tectonics colliding to gether to form a 2900 kilometer mountain range.Another example of that plate tectonics can create is the Ring of Fire; a 40,000 kilometer stretch of 452 volcanoes that is a horse shoe shape ranging along the cost from North America, South America, New Zealand, and Japan. To understand anything about continental drift, plate tectonics or science in mineral it helps to know how they come up with all this. This is the processes know at The Scientific Method, this method was not made up by any one person, but has Just been recognized as the natural method of obtaining reliable knowledge.This processes help us to understand the natural world. There are five steps to The Scientific Method and these are; identify the problem/idea, research the problem/ idea, formulate a hypothesis, conduct and experiment, and reach a conclusion. The two methods to go about this are experimental or descriptive, but both contain the same objective reasoning and process. For the research process you have qual itative and quantitative methods. Qualitative is more about observations and quantitative is more about measurements and data.Both play a important role and can be used together or you can use which ever suites the problem/idea better. After all this is done you finally have a theory that is a collective vision and has the potential to change society. Science can help us to answer questions about if we should be using nonrenewable energy resources by looking at the effects using these nonrenewable energy sources has on the Earths surface. First lets that a look at what these resources are; a nonrenewable energy source comes from something that will run out or not be replenished in many lifetimes.Most of these include fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Using or burning these throws off the carbon balance of the earth's atmosphere by releasing carbon dioxide. This causes our greenhouse effect to be higher thus raising our temperatures faster than most animals can adap t. One example of the disturbance to wild life and habitat that drilling for these nonrenewable resources like oil and gas has is on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. This nineteen million acre Refuge is the largest land based unit of all the wildlife Refuge systems.This area remains mostly uninfluenced by humans, but is under attack by the oil industry's to open it up to drilling. By doing this it would disrupt the habitats of the animals living there, the fragile ecosystem is vulnerable to long-lasting disturbances because the harsh climate provides little time for recovery. Continental Drift Continental Drift, why True? Continental drift is the process of large mass of land and rocks unceasingly moving for a long period of time, which can be explained by what is called â€Å"Plate Tectonics†. Due to the fact that continental drift is a theory, there is evidence and other sets of statements to back it up. According to Wegener, a geologist stated that segments of the Earth has made continental drift true (possible) whilst other pieces of information supported that continental drift has happened and is happening. 1. Geological SimilarityThe geology in terms of rocks, plants and animals, ice-shapes, and the outline of the land matches. To begin with, the rocks in the eastern coastline of South America and the rocks in the western coastline of Africa has been found out that they both have the same broad belts of rocks. Not just South America and Africa, but the banks (coasts) where different continents meet have similar types. This leads to the second argument in the f ield of geological similarity of why continental drift is true: What makes you think that the continents have joined in the past?At least once in your life you looked at a global map whether a geography teacher told you to or you just wanted to. If you have examined close enough, a connection between continents could have been found. One may have realised how the shapes (outline) of the continents can be sorted to form a perfect jig-saw puzzle. As South America and Africa can be matched, other continents also have a connection between them. Furthermore, there is a relationship in terms of plants and animals between different continents.For instance, Alfred Wegener (geologist) found out that a similarity exists between plant/animal fossils in several continents. However, you may argue that it is a matter of coincidence. In this instance, though coincidence is impossible by the means of animals evolving and spreading. Due to the large Atlantic Ocean between South America and Africa, s cientists and geologists are capable of stating the such low possibility of how animals (plants) can cross the Ocean. In other words, they organisms have once evolved in one large mass of land (Pangaea).Lastly, the ice resembles in several continents. Everyone is aware that a continental ice sheet covered parts of South America, southern Africa, India, and southern Australia about 300 million years ago. If this is possible, the Atlantic Ocean must have not existed. Such movements of glaciers (glaciation) could not have occurred if an enormous ocean was through the routes of the movement. 2. How could such large mass of land move? Plate Tectonics comes to light when talking about how crusts can move.Crusts whether it being oceanic or continental, they are above the mantle. Due to the fact that the mantle consists of flowing magma (convection current), it can cause vertical and horizontal movements of the crust. The process is that as the core gets heated, the convection current flows and soon lead to the activity of land. This eventually allows land parts to move but slowly as our fingernails grow. 3. Position Difference Why do not we have evidence of covered ice sheets on northern continents like North America? Simple.Northern continents were near the equator about 300 million years ago. They were a part of the Pangaea and was located nowhere near compared to where it is. 4. Why care about this? As human beings, we adapt to our environment whether it is very poor or rich, satisfying or dissatisfying, or even clean or dirty. Continental drift as well will influence the environment we live in in the future. Continents are still flowing and may possibly allow a car to travel from North America to Asia. Let's all stick around to find out, shall we?

Free Essays on Battle Royal

Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison 1. Summarize the story. In the story â€Å"Battle Royal,† a young black boy is invited to deliver his graduation speech to some southern town’s prestigious white citizens. The story begins with the narrator receiving advice from his grandfather just before he dies. The narrator does not understand his grandfather’s advice and is left to ponder this advice alone. As the story progresses the narrator is invited to give his graduation speech to group of the community’s leading white citizens by his school superintendent, who was impressed by the speech. The narrator was excited for the opportunity and was eager to impress the other whites of the community. The narrator felt that this invitation was â€Å"a triumph for his whole community.† The narrator couldn’t have been more proud to deliver his speech again and he was driven to impress the other whites in the community. To his surprise, things didn’t go as exactly as he planned. Upon his arrival at the hotel, he was told since he was there he might as well participate in the entertainment, which was a boxing match between some other black schoolmates. The white men, whom he hoped would treat him with respect proceeded to humiliate him just as they did his black peers. The black boys are presented with a white exotic dancer. Many of the white men in the room force the boys to look at her while others threaten them when they do. The night progressed and brought more disgrace for the boys as they were blind folded and told to fight each other like wild animals. They continued to fight each other while the white men’s taunts and threats were all that they could hear. In the end, it came down to the narrator and another character as the only ones left in the ring. They were to finish the fight so a winner could be declared and claim the prize. The narrator could only think of the speech he was to deliver at the end of the night despite bei... Free Essays on Battle Royal Free Essays on Battle Royal Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison 1. Summarize the story. In the story â€Å"Battle Royal,† a young black boy is invited to deliver his graduation speech to some southern town’s prestigious white citizens. The story begins with the narrator receiving advice from his grandfather just before he dies. The narrator does not understand his grandfather’s advice and is left to ponder this advice alone. As the story progresses the narrator is invited to give his graduation speech to group of the community’s leading white citizens by his school superintendent, who was impressed by the speech. The narrator was excited for the opportunity and was eager to impress the other whites of the community. The narrator felt that this invitation was â€Å"a triumph for his whole community.† The narrator couldn’t have been more proud to deliver his speech again and he was driven to impress the other whites in the community. To his surprise, things didn’t go as exactly as he planned. Upon his arrival at the hotel, he was told since he was there he might as well participate in the entertainment, which was a boxing match between some other black schoolmates. The white men, whom he hoped would treat him with respect proceeded to humiliate him just as they did his black peers. The black boys are presented with a white exotic dancer. Many of the white men in the room force the boys to look at her while others threaten them when they do. The night progressed and brought more disgrace for the boys as they were blind folded and told to fight each other like wild animals. They continued to fight each other while the white men’s taunts and threats were all that they could hear. In the end, it came down to the narrator and another character as the only ones left in the ring. They were to finish the fight so a winner could be declared and claim the prize. The narrator could only think of the speech he was to deliver at the end of the night despite bei...

Free Essays on The Life And Teachings Of The Twelve Apostles

, the Word of God. Jesus had his reasons for choosing the twelve individuals to help him in the quest of spreading the Word. â€Å"Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.† (KJV, Mark 16:15). Through this, Jesus envisioned that all creatures should be allowed to hear the Word of God, and be given the opportunity to join in the cause for righteousness. The twelve Apostles of Christ came from various backgrounds. Christ wanted every facet of man represented through his choices. Some were fishermen, simple men with simple lives, while on the ... Free Essays on The Life And Teachings Of The Twelve Apostles Free Essays on The Life And Teachings Of The Twelve Apostles The life of Jesus Christ, although very short, was full of teachings and miracles that were done for the fulfillment of God’s Word. Christ’s journey took him to many various places where he encountered a great multitude of differing beliefs, of which allowed him to use his extensive talents as a teacher, and speaker to win over the souls of his followers for God. Christ knew he would not live on this earth forever, and needed help in spreading the Gospel to the people. He chose twelve helpers, called Apostles, to aid him in his journey and teachings. The twelve chosen were from varying backgrounds, with very different personalities. Several felt that they were not worthy to be called a Disciple of Christ, but they held their trust in Christ, and knew that there was a reason for them being chosen, and joined in the task of teaching the Word of God. The twelve chosen were Andrew, Simon Peter, James Zebedee, John Zebedee, Philip, Nathaniel, Matthew Levi, Thomas Didym us, James Alpheus, Judas Alpheus, Simon, and Judas Iscariot. Their lives were to be forever changed from their work with Christ, a change that would not only benefit themselves, but also the people of the world, for all times to come. To journey through the life of the apostles, is a journey to self-improvement. Their teachings bring new thoughts and ideas into the lives of all who hear their words, the Word of God. Jesus had his reasons for choosing the twelve individuals to help him in the quest of spreading the Word. â€Å"Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.† (KJV, Mark 16:15). Through this, Jesus envisioned that all creatures should be allowed to hear the Word of God, and be given the opportunity to join in the cause for righteousness. The twelve Apostles of Christ came from various backgrounds. Christ wanted every facet of man represented through his choices. Some were fishermen, simple men with simple lives, while on the ...

Week 4 DQ 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 4 DQ 1 - Assignment Example Thus, this gives more than one solution to a problem which can help solve a problem requiring more than one overall solution. The massive unique ideas provide different angles of solving a problem. With the characteristics expected from a leader, being well liked can help achieve these traits (Baack, 2012). Just mentioning a few; interested in change, open minded, good communicator, and being open to change all go down to having a good relationship with the employees. This good relationship is also important between the employees. It helps the parties earn respect without necessarily having to demand it in whatever way. Though the results matter a lot, being well liked by the employees really is also critical it creates an excellent working environment, and this can add to the success of the organization. In conclusion participative leadership style is the most effective to use when running an organisation (DuBrin, 2001). This due to the level at which the team members are involved, and this makes them easily accept changes in an organisation since they feel they are part of the organisation due to the involvement. Results matter a lot in any organisation, but there is a need for the employers to relate well with their employees because it can help in the performance of the overall team. A good relationship can be achieved by ensuring the presence of a good

Do Animals Have Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Do Animals Have Rights - Essay Example These differences do not exclude a person's right to being treated with respect and dignity. Human equal and natural rights are granted merely because we are humans (Regan, 1). However, extending this thinking to animals requires that we examine why they are excluded from the rights that are afforded to human beings. It is not because we perceive them as different. Equality and the moral claim to rights rests not in our willingness to overlook differences, but in our acknowledgement that we have a commonality that unites us into a unique moral class. The sameness that unites the human race is not born out of physical appearance or mental abilities. We treasure our uniqueness and individuality, but they do not make us the same. The attribute that unites our species as unique is our awareness of our status, well being, and self. On the most basic level of awareness, we can measure our differences in our abilities at math or academic pursuits. Our sameness resides outside our mind's ability to calculate and exists in our unconscious. Equality is a moral ideal that eludes the ability to be stated as a simple fact (Singer, 197). We attribute our sameness to our concept of history, our realization of self-awareness, and the ability to feel the emotions of pleasure and pain. These are the qualities that are ascribed to being unique to the human race by those that would argue that animals do not have rights. The human concept of histor... The social structure and survival skills are passed down through generations of an animal society. This is the definition of history that is invoked and kept active by the use of memory. Displays of emotion, as it relates to history, are evident when we observe animal grieving at a family member's death. This is a sense of history as the animal recalls what their relationship meant, and what the coming times will be with the absence of the animal. The human race is not the only animal on the planet that has self-awareness. All animals are aware of their image, their ego, and the limits of their abilities. A dog will groom itself and have an understanding of what it is and what is not the dog. We do not simply treat our pets well out of a sense of obligation, but because of a common spiritual connection (Cohen, 95). All species of animals demonstrate their self-awareness as they display themselves and understand their role in reproduction. The audible and visual manifestations that an animal creates is an expression of that self-awareness. The wide range of emotions felt by animals can be illustrated by the grieving process felt at the time of death. Birds and elephants have complicated rituals they perform at the death of a member of their society. Disappointment and frustration is expressed when an animal is faced with obstacles that require problem solving. The close study of animals has revealed societies where kindness, sharing, guilt, grief, and anger are felt ands expressed on a routine basis. Pain and pleasure are often used as uniquely human qualities that are not shared by animals. However, there is obvious pain when an animal is tortured. Animals show obvious signs of appreciation and happiness

Healthcare Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Reforms - Essay Example e services available to customers; and to cut the healthcare costs (Kronenfeld & Kronenfeld, 2004). The Obama administration has introduced a range of far-reaching reforms of the healthcare system, the most comprehensive since the adoption of the Medicare act in 1965 (Parks, 2011). This paper will review these health care reforms since health care reforms would be beneficial by reducing the overall price per family requirement and medical treatment delivered. Having these basic necessities available would make living in this country easier on the mind as well as the wallet. Having the ability to use the hospital’s resources in a time of need is a common resource not readily available to all Americans.The combined public-private healthcare scheme that was in existent before the healthcare reforms of 2010 was one of the costliest systems globally, with the costs of health care being the highest per individual as compared to any other country (Parks, 2011). Besides, United States comes second, after East Timor, in terms of the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) that is used on healthcare among the member countries of the United Nations (Parks, 2011). An independent research on global patterns of spending on health care indicates that United States uses more than any other member state in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Williams, 2011). Regardless of the massive spending, the research indicates that usage of health care servicesis lower thanthe OECD standards by most indicators. In addition, the findings show that costs incurred by individuals for various health care services are appreciably greater in the US (Williams, 2011). Therefore, these healthcare reforms are a relief to most American families as they will have access to more affordable health care resources and services whenever they need them. For instance, they introducecost-free preventative services, prohibition of insurance companies from barring person s with pre-existing conditions from getting their policies among many other comprehensive benefits to citizens (Williams, 2011). Opponents of these reforms argue thatincreasing the hospital’s resources to the general public at a no-cost rate would spark greed. They suggest that these patients and hospitals alike would disregard the cost and expect the government to front the bill. However, this is not true; the fact is these reforms do not make the system a single-payer scheme in which the state has total control over the health care. The changes would still retain the private insurance system (Parks, 2011). The reforms are only intensifying government’s regulation over health care insurance providers. Besides, an alternative for a public insurance scheme, administered in a similar manner to Medicare, brings in additionalstatefinancing into health care and willchange the market whilstchallengingthe private insurers in an exchange (Parks, 2011). The fact is that a publi c schemeincreases the government’s regulation but it is not a takeover of system. Health care reform

Postmodern Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Postmodern Philosophy Essay Postmodern philosophy is a means through which people’s ways of reasoning are evaluated and analyzed. It seeks to explain why everyone has a different opinion towards things that they come across or face in life. A current post modern belief is that a correct description of reality is impossible and in order to enable others to understand the way you perceive or prefer certain things, you need to interpret them. Post modern philosophy can be reflected in the way we live our lives and at our places of work. An example in my own life is the way I would convince people about how something is good so that even if they are not interested, eventually they would give in and in the end I w will be happy. And according to (Weis, 2003 P. 161) this is Persuasion through self interest which is created by developing a trust since I have the best interests of the other person at heart. I may tell a friend that we should take a certain class during that semester because I know he/she is focused and would make a good study partner even though that class does not really interest him/her. This does not mean I do not want him/her to focus on what interests them I know we will be helping each other out and maybe next time they will be the ones convincing me. In an organization, it can be seen when a company wants to become a better competitor as said by (Kotter,1996) that in order to be successful now and in the future, we need to empower others to act and create wins while consolidating gains. In order to promote team work at the office, a company may decide that in its’ engagement in social corporate responsibilities it will take it’s staff to work at the remote parts of the country where the is a school for the orphans and they will have to forego things like internet, family time and nice joints to hung out. In such a situation, the workmates will have to work together to help the children, listen to different opinions all this to enhance their bonding which is vital in their work ; This is what (Ritti Levy, 2002) call creating positive outcomes through negative reinforcement. References Kotter J. P. (1996). Leading Change. Published by Harvard Business Press Ritti R. R. Levy. S. (2002)The Ropes to Skip and the Ropes to Know: Studies in Organizational Behavior. Published by Wiley Weiss. A. (2003) Organizational Consulting: How to be an Effective Internal Change Agent. John Wiley and Sons

Understanding Medical And Social Model Of Disability Social Work Essay

Understanding Medical And Social Model Of Disability Social Work Essay The understanding of disability is still unknown to many people. The way people see disability have different meaning to the way society see disability. Different cultures have different meaning to the term disability. There are some people, who consider people with disability are paying for their sins. It is believed that they must have done something bad in their pervious life and are paying for it in this life. Because of some cultural differences, they mostly are labelled to be look through negative perspectives. Swain (2003) says that what term societies are meant to use? Disable People or People With Disability. Using the term People with Disability is considered more human and more positive compared to Disabled People it makes people feel part of the society instead of being left out. To make people with disability feel more part of the society the government bought laws so that everyone was equally, the DDA Act 1995. However it got change in 2005. The (Disability Discrimination Act) DDA Act 2005 states that as having a disability for the purposes of the DDA where they have a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. (Department of work pension 2005) Yet what can be considered day to day activities? It is not clearly defined correctly as some people with disability could use some part of their body where there are some who can not. Because of this people with disability are often labelled and left out. Calling someone handicap or dump or deaf and dump is being labelled. Being labelled is quite negative towards people with disability. It makes them feel that the society does not consider them equal. This discourages some people to make friends or go out into the society. Shakespeare (2006) explains that labelling is viewed negatively in the disability communities. It is because, people with disability do not want to be labelled and ask other people for help. Some people do not want to ask for charity. If people do need help, how do they come across it? Do they have to provide evidence that they are disabled? Which moves to the medical and the social model of disability? The medical model of disability is sees the disabled person as the problem. They are meant to adapt and fit in to the world and if its not possible then they are shut away. (Rieser 2002) The social model of disability the social model is a concept which recognises that some individuals have physical or psychological differences which can affect their ability to function in societies.  (Brain.HE 2006) The medical model is used for those that need help. It is with the medical model that people can get support. If individual needs help from the government and need money or any other support they need to go through a series of process where they would have to under assessment to see if they can qualify for help. The medical model is used through examination or testing or by professional expert which will then give evidence if you have a disability or not. The advantage of the medical model is that it can provide support to those that need help. It can provide finical support and can also provide information to those individual that need operation and can also provide guidance to a cure. The medical model can also share understanding towards others as it can make other people understand the similar dilemmas that they may be facing as well. However, a cure was something that could help in understanding that the medical model and gave people the belief that their disability would go away. Yet like any other model that have been discovered the medical model has its fault. For example in the medical model the individual is the one that has an abnormality. That the disability is in the person and the only way is to cure it. Another problem with the medical model was that the environment was ignored. If someone had an accident, it was considered a tragedy yet if someone had been born with impairment, it was considered a disability. The medical model also considered that they are independent on themselves and will always need help from others or charities. It made them look pitiful and helpless. However, the problem was that the medical model is still dominated because, to know what is happening to an individual, they need to be asses. It was also used more as a critique than by the medical professional themselves. It is the job of the professional to find a cure and to help those that need help. Because of the medical model, people began to think differently and the social model comes into process. The social model of disability was the big idea, in the British disability movement. (Shakespeare and Watson 2003 p3 It was a starting point to those who felt that the medical model did not help. It gave those individual the point where they did not need to depend on others. The social model of disability was there to help people with disability feel part of the community. With the model, it can overcome barriers such as labelling and any other barriers that society can come up with. (Crow 1996) pp66) states that the social model was a means to escape. It was meant for those individuals who wanted to overcome any issues regarding disability. The people see that being disabled is not a bad thing. That you can do many day to day activity like any other person. It makes a better social relationship with the society. However, like the medical model, the social model had its fault. Where an individual needs help, now believes that the social model is making them feel that they are too being pitied that they can not do anything by themselves. The model is important because it enables the identification of a political strategy and its main focus was to try and remove barriers, which helped, because the medical model did not try to remove barriers such as external ones. The social model also focuses on the influence of the family, the income, the education and any other factors as well. However, there is now a shift. Once where the medical model was dominated and was the answer to most questions has transfer to the social model. But, here lies the problem as well. The social model is now considered outdate as well. Union of the Physical Impairment Against Segregation (UPIAS) called for an alternative model of disability. Mark, 1999 said that the social model argues that the key issues are that the individual must have a positive identity as disabled. With this it showed that unless you have a label, you can not be given help. This shows that, even though the social model is there to help, the medical model still dominates and now the social model is outdated because people with disability do not want to be looked at as needy. Tom Shakespeare is one of those who believe that the social model is an outdated and that need much more updating. In the journal research in social science and disability he wrote an article dedicating that the social model of disability is now outdated. He explains that the model needs to be improved from new direction. It needs to be improving as social cultures are need and different views are need as its more focus on the British people and needs to be view from different culture as well. The social model of disability is also being criticised by Grabe and Peters (2004) who explain that the social model needs to recognise the significance of bodily experience. That it is not easy to distinguish between people with disability and people without disability. They also explain that the model does not cover everything. The model is there to make a person feel important about them and that they would feel that the model is helping them. Oliver 2009 (p49) criticise that, there are five important things have come from the social model of disability. The first one is that the model does not consider the realities of impairment, as the model is based on misunderstanding because the model is not based on personal experience. The second is that the pain of impairment and disability is ignored by the society. The third is that it is unable to incorporate social sates and social division. The fourth is issues of otherness. This is where it is viewed from other persons perspective, and the final is that the social model is inadequate. This shows that the social model of disability now is outdated as there are many problems that model is facing. In conclusion, it is shown that the social model is outdated and the society needs a new view. But there lies that problem. Because where the social model was a new thing now has become outdated, what will happen when there might be a third model. Will they consider the new model outdates when its time will come. It seems to be going in a cycle. The social model of disability has its fault like the medical model disability. However, unlike the social model the medical model of disability, it is still dominated despite the trend towards the social model, the medical model is needed for those individual who need support finically and support from the government. Yet at the same time they do not want to become dependent on the government as well. This also causes the issues, as the social model of disability is there to support those individual who need to feel that they want to do something for their lives and not just depend on others. Author such as Liz Crow, Tom Shakespeare and Michael Oliver, all believe that the social model of disability is outdated. Their factors are that the social model of disability does not cover all factors that are necessary and needed. They believe that the model needs to be looked at a new angle or modify or even bring in a new model, as the current one is giving problems. If the society does bring in a new model will it not criticize the model as well? As all it seems that people do is criticise that this model is not good or that model is not good. True the social model of disability needs a new change, but despite the model being outdated, the model still helps those individual feel better about them. The model has given encouragement to those individual with disability, the ability to give something back to the society. The medical model of disability is there for the medical professional as guidance in attempt to find a cure as the medical model of disability gives facts only and the social model is there for support and moral and encouragement and is effective to those people with disability. There will be some individual that will complain about their situation compared to others, and will say that they need extra support, but what these people need to understand is that they need to stand up and become braver. True, there have been cases where individuals with disability have had hardships and have had no support, but what they need to understand is that the models do not run their lives; they merely are guidance on how they should live morally and finically. The medical model of disability gives facts and the social model gives support. So despite the social model being outdated, the social model of disability makes it feel to those individual people that they have support that they need, thus the model is still affective. Word Count: 2000